Opera seria was the most prestigious form of Italian opera, until Christoph Willibald Gluck reacted against its artificiality with his "reform" operas in the 1760s. In the 18th century, Italian opera continued to dominate most of Europe (except France), attracting foreign composers such as George Frideric Handel. Opera originated in Italy at the end of the 16th century (with Jacopo Peri's mostly lost Dafne, produced in Florence in 1598) especially from works by Claudio Monteverdi, notably L'Orfeo, and soon spread through the rest of Europe: Heinrich Schütz in Germany, Jean-Baptiste Lully in France, and Henry Purcell in England all helped to establish their national traditions in the 17th century.
The 19th century saw the rise of the continuous music drama. In traditional number opera, singers employ two styles of singing: recitative, a speech-inflected style, and self-contained arias.
Originally understood as an entirely sung piece, in contrast to a play with songs, opera has come to include numerous genres, including some that include spoken dialogue such as Singspiel and Opéra comique. Opera is a key part of the Western classical music tradition. Olaf's Castle, Savonlinna, Finland, in 2007 La Scala of Milan Palais Garnier of the Paris Opéra Macbeth at the Savonlinna Opera Festival in St. Art form combining sung text and musical score in a theatrical setting
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